PRESENTED TO THE ^ 0 QJ ^
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City Document, — No. 88.
CITY OF BOSTON
REPORT
OF THE
COCHITUATE WATER BOARD
TO THE
CITY COUNCIL OP BOSTON,
FOR THE YEAR 1866-67,
^
-6/ 4
S^^ /«f
/
CITY OF BOSTON.
In Board of Aldermen, April 29, 1867.
Ordered : That the Cochituate Water Board be authorized
to submit their Annual Report in print.
Sent down for concurrence.
CHAS. W. SLACK, Chairman.
In Common Council, May 2, 1867.
Concurred.
WESTON LEWIS, President.
Approved May 3, 1867.
OTIS NORCROSS, Mayor7
REPORT.
Office of the Cochituate "Water Board,
Boston, May 21, 1867.
To THE City Council.
The Cochituate Water Board respectfully present this their
report for the year ending April 30th, 1867. The ordinance
which passed the City Council in December 1865, authorizing
the Water Board to change their financial year to correspond
with that of other departments of the City Government, has fully
answered the anticipations originally formed by the Board, in
remedying former apparent discrepancies between their accounts,
and those of the Treasurer and Auditor.
The tables submitted by the City Engineer, giving quantities
consumed, levels of the lake and reservoirs, rain fall, etc., are
made up for the calendar year as heretofore.
The Income for the year 1866, as appears by the report of
the Water Registrar, was $487,576.25, being $36,196.77, in
excess of that of the previous year. "
During the four months from January 1, 1867 to
May 1, 1867, there was received in advance,
for water to be delivered during the year . $362,674 12
And for water used in previous years . . 43,205 62
Total water rates received in the four months . $405,879 74
And to this the Registrar estimates will be added
from new customers and meter bills . . 94,120 26
Anticipated income for the year 1867 . . $500,000 00
b CITY DOCUMENT. —No. 88.
The expenditure for the year ending May 1, 1867, was: —
For current expenses . . . . . $122,207 37
Interest and premium on the water debt . . 483,451 82
Whole amount paid out . . . . $605,659 19
The Treasurer has credited the Water Works for
the same year, out of the amounts received as
above . $530,526 80
The balance of the receipts having been credited
to the Water Works, in his accounts of the pre-
vious year^ shows an expenditure over and
above our income, for the financial year of
1866-7, of 75,132 39
Which, with . 267,601 60
expended on the Chestnut Hill Reservoir, in the
same year, adds to the cost of the works . $342,733 99
Cost of the Water Works to May 1, 1866, includ-
ing interest and premium on debt, less received
for water rates, rents, etc. .... 6,771,975 15
Making the net cost. May 1, 1867 . . .$7,114,709 14
The improvement made by the amendment to the water ordi-
nance in December 1865, suggests the propriety of still further
alterations. The annual accounts of this department are now
made up for the financial year, — as are those of the Trea-
surer and Auditor, — but our bills, excepting only to those who
draw through meters, are made for the calendar year, thus com-
plicating our statements and reports. If the ordinance be further
changed, so as to permit the bills to be made for the four months
commencing January 1, and ending April 30, and thereafter be
made for the year commencing on the first day of May in each
year, this inconvenience will be avoided.
It was intended to complete the raising of the Tremont Street
EEPOKT OF THE WATER BOARD. i
mains last summer, those requiring it lying between Newton
and Lenox streets, but the time and attention of the Board and
its oflQcers being constantly needed elsewhere, and especially
at the new reservoir, it was delayed until this season. Arrange-
ments have lately been made to proceed with the work forth-
with, and it is expected that the last section will be raised and
the street put in good condition for travel by the first of Octo-
ber next.
The improvement by the city of Tremont Street and Chand-
ler Street at and near the bridge over the Worcester Railroad,
made it necessary to erect anew bridge outside of the travelled
bridge, for the purpose of carrying the two mains over the rail-
road J and at the request of the Committee on Streets, it was
erected and the pipes removed from fhe old to the new bridge,
under the direction of this Board, and the expense thereof
charged to the account of Widening Streets, etc. The bridge
was built of iron, and is in no way connected with the bridge for
travel ; thus avoiding any jar there would otherwise be. Thus
far it has given entire satisfaction. It may be found expedient
to cover it with an iron roof, to protect the pipes from the rays
of the sun.
To avoid any large and unnecessary expenditure upon the
East Boston reservoir, frequent examinations and discussions
have been had as to the cause of the leaks and the best way of
remedying them ; and last fall experiments were commenced and
have been continued until this time, with a view to discover
if possible the weak points. We find that it will hold water
to the height of ten feet, but leaks if carried above that. This
reservoir was built by contract in 1850, and has always leaked
when filled ; and we not yet having discovered through our experi-
ments, as was hoped we might, any particular point in the pud-
dle bank defective ; and with the further uncertainty before us
as to whether or not the banks yield to a greater pressure than
a head of ten feet, — it has been concluded to continue the inves-
o CITY DOCUMENT.— No. 88.
tigations and find the cause of the leak if possible before
deciding upon the remedy.
The system of inspection instituted in the fall of 1864, with
a view to check wastes, has more than answered the expecta-
tions of the Board, and will be continued in operation. As
soon as it was fully understood by consumers, the inspectors
were cheerfully admitted by all those whose fixtures were in
good condition, and others who intended to have theirs so ; but
they were not always welcomed by the few who are generally
improvident, and do not look beyond their own immediate wants.
The often-repeated statement made in former reports
of waste through hopper closets, it is necessary here again
to reiterate. There exists to a considerable extent the
mistaken idea that a continuous dribbling stream running
through them purifies and keeps them clean, whereas a dash of
one or two quarts of water is more effectual than such a stream
running for hours. That this wasteful fixture may be improved
in construction, as it easily can be, it is intended to apply to
the City Council more formally than we now do to authorize
the Board to fix such prices for difierent kinds of water closets
as they may from time to time deem equitable and expedient.
As appears by the table of the levels of the Lake, the supply
for 1866 was nearly equal to the average supply for the previous
five years; and by the table of the daily average draft from the
Brookline Reservoir in 1866, the consumption, including waste,
averages 12,229,000 wine gallons daily, l)eing an average of
3,845,160 gallons less each day than the average draft for the
previous five years.
To the ready acquiescence by the consumers generally, in the
course taken by the Board, and their observance of the appeals
made to them in the fall of 1864, — to stop wastes and all
unnecessary drafts of water, — may fairly be attributed the fact,
that they had a constant supply during the two last months of
that year and the two first of the year following. It may appear
EEPORT OF THE WATER BOARD. 9
upon the first glance at the tables giving the levels of the Lake,
that there was no probability of the supply failing, there being in
December 1864, five and iVtr feet of water above the bottom of
the Conduit; the lowest point reached since the works were con-
structed, but it must be borne in mind, that the quantity contained
in a foot in depth at that point is not equal to one half of that
in a foot in depth at the surface when the Lake is full, and as it
is further drawn down, so in a compound ratio is the decrease of
water. Beside if drawn down much below five feet above the
bottom of the Conduit, the quantity daily required, supposing
it to be no more than in 1866, cannot be supplied, as the aver-
age depth run in that year was nearly four feet and eleven inches.
Had the Lake so fallen off that only three feet could have been
run, it would have been necessary to restrict the use of the water
for a time, to domestic purposes only ; and consequently a large
proportion of our factories and workshops would have been
stopped in their operations, causing no little pecuniary distress
among the industrial classes, and thereby materially affecting the
growth and prosperity of the city.
Since the death of Mr. Knowlton, Superintendent of the
Western Division, in March 1866, the especial charge thereof
has been intrusted to the Chairman of the Committee on that
division, —assisted by Mr. A. Stanwood, our Superintendent at
Chestnut Hill Reservoir, who has lately been chosen Superin-
tendent of the Western Division.
In the year 1865 the Lake was full — that is thirteen feet and
four inches above the bottom of the conduit at the Lake — and
the water continued to run over the dam and waste into the
Sudbury river from March 31st to June 1st, The highest level
in 1866 was in June, when it reached to a level of twelve feet
ten inches, being six inches short of high water mark, — and of
course no water ran to waste during that year. In this year,
1867, the heavy rain on the 9th and 10th of February, with the
melting snow, raised the Lake from twelve feet four inches to high
2
10 CITY DOCNMEFT. — No. 88.
water at noon of the latter day, and at six o'clock in the
afternoon it stood at thirteen feet five inches, and one inch in
depth was running to waste over the dam. The highest level
reached was on the 12th of February, it then being fourteen feet
one inch, and remaining at that level for a few days it gradually
fell about half an inch daily until the 23d, and from that time
until the middle of April, it varied from thirteen feet four
iiiches to thirteen feet nine inches.
On those occasions when the water attains a level above high
water mark, and there are prospects of freshets from rains and
melting snow, the precaution is taken to remove some of the
stop-planks at the dam, to permit a greater flow of water than
can otherwise pass over the dam, above high water mark, for
the purpose of avoiding any unnecessary wash of the banks of
the Lake, and overflow of the roads in the vicinity.
In the afternoon of the 27th day of July, there was at the
Lake and in the immediate vicinity a very heavy shower, when in
a few hours, there fell the unprecedented quantity of seven and
yVcr inches of rain, washing the roads badly, carrying away a
portion of the road against the Course Brook culvert and dama-
ging the filter dam on Pegan Brook. The level of the Lake
was carried up in twenty-four hours, eight inches. Since then
we have been so blessed with an abundance of water, that the
culvert and filter dam could not be improved to advantage ; but
as soon as the water is suflQciently low to permit of the work
being done well, they are to be taken in hand.
From experience already had of the good service of the fil-
ter dam on the Pegan Brook, it is evident that by repairing and
improving it, and erecting another dam parallel with it, the
impurities on this brook may be effectually stopped from flow-
ing into the lake.
The dwelling house and gate house at the Lake are to be
painted the coming season, and the fences propped up so as to
answer a little while longer. The cobble-stone slope walls, for
KEPORT OE THE WATER BOARD. 11
protecting the banks of t^e Lake, have only partially answered
the purpose, they being too light; good and suitable stones
are scarce in the immediate neighborhood, but we have some
ledges on the lands of the City, which it may be expedient
to work, for the purpose of making substantial slope walls to
those banks most exposed to wash when high winds prevail.
Negotiations have been had with the Rev. Mr. Walsh, for a
portion of the Catholic burying ground, in Natick, bordering on
Dug Pond, which it is desirable for the City to own, for the
better protection of the pond against any wash that otherwise
might affect the water. The disposition to accommodate the
City is so evident, that we are confident of arranging this mat-
ter to our entire satisfaction.
The Brookline Reservoir requires a thorough cleansing, and at
the first practicable moment must be attended to, as also the
gate house, which leaks badly when the water is more than six
feet and four inches above the bottom of the conduit ; until one of
the basins of the Chestnut Hill Reservoir is completed, it is
utterly impossible to do this properly, and at the same time
keep the City supplied with water. The grounds around this
reservoir require enriching, and this autumn there will be spread
over it a large quantity of the muck and manure obtained from
the new reservoir.
The construction of the Chestnut Hill Reservoir has progressed
as rapidly as we could have reasonably expected, yet it is not
so near to completion as we had hoped it would be at this time.
There has been quite as much to do, — and some of it has been
better done, — than was at first contemplated. As large a force
has been constantly 'employed as could work to advantage, and this
force will be increased from time to time, to an extent that will be
limited only by judicious economy. It has been our policy to
pay our employes fair wages for their services, and have them
well treated ; and with but few exceptions they have rendered
a fair equivalent. On the second of March of this year the
12 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.
laborers, two hundred and twenty-five in number, without any
previous intimation of their intentions or of a desire for any
change, virtually proposed to supersede those in authority, and
fix their own wages to suit themselves. They were then
receiving one dollar and fifty cents per day. Not feeling dis-
posed to thus resign the duties intrusted, to us, directions were
given to pay off and discharge them all, and not employ any of
them again. We have since been informed that a few restless,
rambling men were the leaders in the affair, and misled the better
men, who were largely in the majority, and became the real suf-
ferers, as many of them resided near the works with their families.
In three days we had as many men employed as before. Their
wages were raised on the fourth day of May to one dollar and
seventy-five cents per day.
On the fifth day of June sixteen masons employed on the
large sewer which is to receive the drainage of the roads,
declined, to work, unless certain good men, who had been for
sometime employed on the ledges, were stopped from laying
bricks in the puddle trench, which happened to be only a tem-
porary arrangement, to last only until such time as we had
ledgework for them.
Having no doubt as to the impropriety of such dictation, the
masons were paid off, and discharged forthwith, since which
time we have had as many good and faithful masons in our
employ as we have needed.
In the beginning of March as many of the Board as could
leave home, accompanied by Mr. Crafts, City Engineer, and
Mr. Wightman, Resident Engineer at Chestnut Hill Reservoir,
visited New York, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, Baltimore and
Washington, for a partial examination of the water works of
those cities. The councils of Philadelphia and Baltimore enter-
tained us in the most hospitable manner, and the ofiicials of all
the places we visited proffered every facility for the accom-
plishment of our purpose in the shortest possible time, and by
REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD. 13
them all we were treated with the greatest courtesy. This tour
of inspection, although necessarily hurried, was very instructive,
and the information obtained by the board and engineers will
prove of great advantage to the City, especially in constructing
the new reservoir.
Whenever any populated territory, unsupplied with water is
annexed to the City of Boston, it will be necessary to look for a
further supply than we now have, as it is very clear that our
present resources will be needed for our present territory
when peopled, unless the city of Charlestown should first be
annexed. It is well understood that that city has water far
exceeding her anticipated wants, but we have not been able to
obtain a specific estimate of the extent of the supply though we
have been given to understand that its able engineer, Mr.
Baldwin, has instituted measures for gauging it accurately.
For further information and details, we present herewith the
several reports of the City Engineer, Superintendent of the
Eastern Division, Water Registrar and Clerk of this board..
Respectfully submitted.
JOHN H. THORNDIKE.
L. MILES STANDISH.
NATHANIEL J. BRADLEE.
ALJBXANDER WADSWORTH.
CHARLES R. McLEAN.
BENJ'N F. STEVENS.
WILLIAM S. HILLS.
14
CITY DOCUMENT.— No. 88.
OEriCE OF THE COCHITUATE WATER BOAED,
BOSTON, May 5, 1867.
To the President of the Cochituate Water Board : —
Sm, —
The following is a statement of the Expenditures and Receipts
of this department for the year commencing May 1, 1866,
and ending April 30, 1867.
EXPENDITTJRES.
Blacksmith shop, for stock, etc.
Plumbing shop, u u ^ _
Raising water pipes on Tremont Street in 1865
Land and water rights
Stable
Hose . . .
Damage .
Repairing boxes at bridges
Taxes
Tools . . ■ .
Travelling expenses
Fountains
Office expense
Laying main pipes, etc., for stock, etc.
Postage and expresses
Amount carried forward,
281
90
55
50
626
13
120
00
603
11
564 00
185
00
741
56
235
12
438
53
25
00
466
15
20
00
699
25
45
33
$5,106
58
REPOET OF THE WATER BOARD.
15
Amount brought forward, .
$5,106 58
Reservoirs — Beacon Hill
1,022 98
" East Boston
1,531 87
'' South Boston
323 43
" Brookline ....
1,299 98
Aqueduct repairs . . . .
721 82
Printing, (including water registrar's and superin
tendent's)
653 12
Stationery, (including water registrar's and super
intend ent's)
489 18
Salaries, (including clerks and inspectors in watei
registrar's department) . . .
10,436 92
Main pipe
18,540 25
Service pipe
8,832 04
Off and on water . . .
4,688 78
Extra inspectors . •.
6,176 53
Wages — laying main pipe '. . .
3,861 70
" " service pipe, etc. . . .
4,451 13
" blacksmith shop
1,268 41
" plumbing shop ....
185 38
" proving yard ....
4,395 58
Upper yard, finishing buildings, etc. .
2,168 92
Miscellaneous expenses
514 22
Meters
16,399 60
Maintaining meters
1,437 30
Repairing main pipe . .
4,054 84
" service pipe ....
4,067 12
" hydrants . . . . .
2,442 72
" streets
2,107 94
" stopcocks . .
436 11
Stopcocks .......
1,840 76
Hydrants
3,280 60
Amount carried forward, . . . .
$112,735 81
16 CITY DOCUMENT.— No. 88.
Amount brought forward, . . . . $112,73581
Lake
Proving yard, stock, etc. .
Hydrant and stopcock boxes
Tolls and Ferriage .
Chestnut Hill Reservoir .
3,040 72
1,599 52
3,123 70
107 62
267,601 60
Amount drawn for the Water Works . . 388,208 97
" " " " driveway around Chestnut
Hill Reservoir . . . . . . 13,694 41
Total drawn for by the Board . . $401,903 38
And which is charged as follows :
To Chestnut Hill Reservoir . ', . . 267,601 60
Waterworks . . ; .. . . 120,607 37
Driveway . . . . . . . 13,694 41
TotalfromApril30, 1866, to May 1,1867 401,903 38
Total amount charged Water Works . . . 388,208 97
KECEIPTS.
Cash Paid City Treasurer.
Received for meters sold
$100 00
" " fines for waste, etc.
1,309 00
" " Off and on water,
.
for repairs
1,668 00
" " Pipe, laying, repair-
ing, etc.
8,923 00
" " wood sold Chestnut
'
Hill Reservoir
326 95
12,326 95
$375,882 02
REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD. 17
THE ABOVE IS CREDITED TO
Chestnut Hill Reservoir $326 95
Water Works 12,000 00
12,326 95
Total amount drawn for $401,903 38
EXTENSION OP THE WORKS.
Main pipe . . . . . $18,540 25
Wages laying main pipe . . 3,861 70
Laying main pipe, stock, etc. . 699 25
Upper yard, finishing shed, etc. . 1,018 92 24,120 12
$377,783 26
Less amount charged C. H. Reser-
voir . 267,601 60
« •' " Driveway . 13,694 41 281,296 01
Amount of expenses from April 30, 1866, to
May 1, 1867 $96,487 25
Expenditures and Receipts on Account of the Water Works, to
May 1, 1866.
Amount drawn by Commissioners . . . $4,043,718 21
« " Water Board, in 1850 . 366,163 89
" " CocMtuate Water Board, from \
January 1, 1851, to May 1, 1866 . . 1,864,231 23
Amount drawn from April 30, 1866, to May 1,
1867, for Water Works .... 388,208 97
$6,662,322 30
Amount paid the City Treasurer by
the Commissioners . . . $47,648 38
Amounts carried orward, $47,648 38 $6,662,322 30
18 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.
Amount hroughts forward, $47,648 38 $6,662,322 30
Amount paid by Water Board, 1850, 8,153 52
« " Cocliituate Water
Board, to May 1, 1866 . . 149,112 08
Amount paid from April 30, 1866,
to May 1, 1867 . • • 12,326 95
— . 217,240 93
Net amount drawn from the Treasurer, by the
Commissioners and Water Boards, for the
Waterworks 6,445,081 37
Gross payments (including interest, premium,
etc.), for ac't of the Water Works . .13,026,195 73
Gross receipts . ... . . • 5,911,486 59
Net cost to the City, May 1, 1867 . . 7,114,709 14
SAM'L N. DYER,
Clerk Cochituate Water Board.
REPOKT OF THE WATEE BOARD. 19
REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE EASTERN
DIVISION.
Boston, May 7, 1867.
John H. Thorndikb, Esq.,
President of the Cochituate Water Board :
Sir: — I herewith submit my Report for the year ending
May 1, 1867.
Below, in the usual form, you will find the amount and location
of main pipes, service pipes, etc., laid during the year. In
addition to this, considerable labor has been performed in
repairs that come under no particular heading. The following
is a portion of it :
The coating of the bottom of the East Boston Eesevoir, com-
posed of paving stones and cement, has been removed prepara-
tory to repairs necessary to stop the leakage.
This was done in September last. Water to the depth of
two feet was then let in, and allowed to remain a sufficient time
to ascertain, if possible, the point of leakage; this was con-
tinued, but showed no leak until it reached the height of ten
and one half feet. At this point it showed at the different
places as before.
This would naturally indicate the weak place, but whether
the reservoir below this point would stand the pressure of an
increase of fifteen feet in height or not, I leave the City Engi-
neer to decide.
The fender on Warren Bridge has been repaired twice during
the year. That portion on the Boston side of the draw is very
rotten, and should be made new.
20 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.
A portion of the support for the 20-inch pipes under the
bridge broke awaj last October, leaving the pipes in a danger-
ous condition. It was repaired.
The box over the pipes by the side of Chelsea Bridge was
repaired last fall, and one coat of paint put on and another will
be added this spring.
The work of changing the location of the large mains at the
railroad bridge on Tremont Street was completed during the
winter.
This work, as you are aware, was performed under many
difficulties. The many kinds of work going on at the same
time, the nature of the foundation, and the extreme cold
weather (including the great snow storm), made it arduous,
uncomfortable and perplexing. On the south side the foundation
for the support of the pipes was made as good as circumstances
and my knowledge would admit, but I shall be surprised if some
leaks do not occur.
Up to the present time, however, with the exception of the
sweating of two or three joints, there has been but one leak.
On the north side, there is, and has been, no signs of a leak.
The wood and iron work at the Beacon Hill Reservoir has
been thoroughly painted, and is much improved in appearance.
The South Boston Reservoir showed a small leakage during
the year, only enough however to prevent the laying of a
portion of the sidewalk on the south side. A blind drain
remedied the difficulty. At the upper yard, work of building,
grading, etc., has been carried on at such intervals as there was
help to spare, and I hope before long to have it in an acceptable
condition.
I would also mention that this department has, since April
1, 1866, done the practical part of establishing three hundred
and thirty-one meters.
Raised 150 feet 6-inch Pipe on Albany Street.
Taken up 137 feet 6-inch Pipe on Lehigh Street.
EEPOET OF THE WATER BOARD.
21
Taken up 1532 feet 6-inch Pipe on Belmont Street and Wash-
ington Square.
Taken up 155 feet 4-inch Pipe on Western Avenue.
215 « 2-inch «
503 " IJ-inch «
95 " li-inch Lead Pipe.
232 " 1-inch «
329 " 1-inch «
2173 « f-inch «
15 " J-inch «
Lowered 350 feet 12-inch Pipe on Boylston Street, west of
Berkeley Street.
Extended 1-inch Pipe 10 feet.
« 1-inch " 44 "
« 1-inch " 85 «
22
CITY DOCUMENT. — No.
Statement of Location^ Size and Number of Feet of Pipe laid in 1866.
In what Street.
Mt. Vernon .
Berkeley . .
Marlboro' .
Newton.
War eh am ....
"West Chester Park
River
Dartmouth . .
Albany. . . .
Newbury . . .
Springfield . .
Marlboro' . . .
West Newton .
Cortes ....
Bast Brookline
Stanhope . .
West Penabroke
Warren Ave .
(( ((
West Canton .
Rutland 8q. .
West Brookline
Pinckney . .
North Charles
Brimmer . .
Between what Streets.
BOSTON PROPER.
Below River
Cortes and Stanhope
Total 12 inches in Boston . .
Berkeley and Clarendon ....
Across Clarendon
Harrison Avenue and Albany . .
Total 8 inches in Boston . . .
Harrison Avenue and Albany . .
West of Tremont
North of Mt. Vernon
Montgomery and Warren Avenue
Oak and Curve
Arlington and Berkeley
West of Tremont
Across Clarendon
West of Tremont
From Ferdinand to Berkeley . .
Albany and Harrison Avenue . '.
Berkeley and Clarendon
West of Tremont
South of Pembroke
Canton and "
West of Tremont
" " (south side) . .
it It
Below Charles
Cambridge and Poplar
Pinckney and Mt. Vernon ....
Total 6 inches in Boston . . .
Diameter of
Pipe in Inches.
Feet of Pipe.
285
340
625
132
24
750
6
350
6
106
6
132
6
200
6
43
6
80
6
97
6
87
6
150
6
600
6
273
6
532
6
212
6
215
6
533
6
63
6
64
6
92
6
286
6
308
6
288
:,711
REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD, 23
Statement of Location, Size, etc. — Continued.
In lyhat Street.
River . . .
Lagrange .
Temple Place
Meander . . .
Park
Chapman . .
Battery Wharf
Park Square .
Central Wharf
First. .
Alger .
I St. .
Sixth . ,
Ninth . '
Middle .
Foundry
Alger .
Quincy .
Dove . .
Chelsea
Paris Court
Chelsea St .
Between what Streets.
Pinckney and Mt. Vernon
Washington and Tremont
(( H 11
Norwich and Dedham
Court in rear of No. 8
West of Tremont
Boylston and Eliot . . ' ■
Total 4 inches in Boston ....
SOUTH BOSTON.
E and D , .
Federal and Dorchester
Fourth and Broadway
H and O
I and K
Dorchester and Federal
Swan and O. C. Ss N. R. R . . . .
Total 6 inches in South Boston
Federal and Dorchester
C and D •
F and Dorchester
Total 4 inches in South Boston
BAST BOSTON.
North of G-lendon
Total 6 inches in East Boston .
Paris and Chelsea
For Farrar's Oil Works
To al 4 inches in East Boston .
Diameter of
Pipe in Inches.
Feet of Pipe.
113
141
147
210
114
241
225
250
23
1,464
105
34
214
323
517
50
396
23
118
36
177
309
309
180
156
24 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.
Statement of Location, Size, etc. — Continued.
In what Street.
Between what Streets.
Diameter of
Pipe in Inches.
Feet of Pipe.
ROXBUET.
Texas Avenue . .
12
45
Total 12 inches in Roxbury
45
Tremont
Opposite Culvert
6
387
Total 6 inches in Roxbury ......
387
Tremont
Opposite Culvert ............
4
100
Total 4 inches in Roxbury
100
EECAPITULATION.
SECTION.
DIAMETER IN INCHES.
36.
12.
8.
6.
4.
Boston Proper . . •
South Boston ....
East Boston
Roxbury
Total number of feet laid
Stopcocks in same ....
Total number of feet laid .
Stopcocks in same ....
Total number of Feet laid
Stopcocks in same ....
Total number of Feet laid
Stopcocks in same ....
625
2
45
1
9
06
3
4,711
11
1,639
3
309
1
387
1,464
6
177
336
100
Sums of Pipes . . .
Sums of Stop-cocks .
670
3
906
3
7,046
15
2,077
6
REPOKT OF THE WATER BOARD.
25
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26
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.
Statement of Service Pipe laid in 1866.
1
BOSTON PKOPER.
SOUTH BOSTON.
EAST BOSTON.
TOTAL.
.a
Number of
Length in
Number of
Length in
Number of
Length in
Number of
Length in
Pipes.
Feet.
Pipes.
Feet.
Pipes.
Feet.
Pipes.
Feet.
2
1
41
...
. . .
. . .
. . .
1
41
1
7
275
2
45
1
18
10
338
1
2
84
3
177
. . .
. . .
5
261
1
268
9,743
75
2,556
45
1,644
388
13,943
i
63
1,772
55
2,626
48
1,597
166
5,995
Aggregate
570
20,578
Making the 1
otal number up to M
iy 1, 1867 .
26,201
Mepairs of Pipes during the Year 1866.
DIAMETER OF PIPES IN INCHES.
WHERE.
40.
36.
30.
24.
20.
3
10
16.
12.
25
2
8.
6.
29
5
3
4,
45
3
4
3.
1
2.
6
1
li. 1%.
1.
7
4
11
1-
8
1
9
f.
335
54
37
426
h
7
5
2
14
1
Boston
South Boston ....
East Boston
4
2
4
68
•
544
69
62
Totals
4
2
4
13
•
27
37
52
1
7
63
•
675
Of the leaks that have occurred in pipes of 4 inches and
upwards, 97 were on the joints, 17 by settling of earth, 4 by
defective pipe, 18 by frost, 2 by defective packing, 1 broken
by pile driving. Total, 139.
Of 2 and 3 inches and in Service Pipes : 9 were on the joints,
163 by settling of earth, 85 by defective pipe, 31 by defective
coupling, 10 by defective faucet, 6 by defective packing, 61 by
rust, 60 by frost, 23 stopped by fish, 60 stiff connection, 7 by
REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.
27
faucet loose at main, 1 by faucet broken at main, 7 struck
by pick, 5 stopped by gasket, 1 stopped by dough, 2 stopped
by dirt, 1 by nail, 1 broken by settling of wall, 1 by boxing, 1 by
faucet blown out, 1 by settling of drain. Total, 536.
Statement of Number of Leaks^ 1850-1866.
Tear.
1850.
1851.
1852.
1853.
1854.
1855.
1856.
1857.
1858.
1859.
1860.
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
1865.
1866.
Diameter of
Four Inches and
Upwards.
32
64
82
85
74
16
75
85
77
82
134
109
117
97
95
111
139
Less than Pour
Inches.
72
173
241
260
280
219
232
278
324
449
458
399
373
397
394
496
536
Total.
104
237
323
345
354
294
307
363
401
631
592
508
490
494
489
607
675
28
CITY DOCUMENT.^ No. 88.
Hydrants.
During the yeiEir thirty-three (33) new Hydrants have been
established as follows :
Twenty (20) in Boston proper, five (5) in South Boston, five
5 in East Boston, and three (3) in Eoxbury.
Total number of Hydrants established up to May 1, 1867:
n Boston proper . . . ,
. 1,011
South Boston . . *
332
East "
196
Brookline ....
3
Roxbury . . . .
16
Charlestown
• . 11
Chelsea ....
8
Total
. 1,577
Thirty-three (33) Hydrants have been taken out and replaced
by new or repaired ones, and one hundred and forty-nine (149)
boxes have been renewed. The Hydrants have had the atten-
tion of former years paid them.
Stopcocks.
Twenty-seven (27) new Stopcocks have been established
this year, and sixty-one (61) Boxes have been renewed. All
the Stopcocks have had the usual attention paid them.
EEPOET OF THE WATEE BOAED.
29
Statement of Pipes and other Stock on hand, exclusive of Tools,
Jfay 1,1867.
NUMBER OF
DIAMETER IN INCHES.
40.
36.
30,
24.
20.
18.
16.
12.
8.
6.
4.
3.
2.
Pipes
17
17
84
6
40
3
30
43
3
223
242
2
Blow-off Branches
1
2
. .
. .
. .
. .
. •
• .
. .
• ■
1
1
• •
3
1
5
1
11
2
5
28
5
1
Three Way-hranches
6
4
14
3
1
•>
S
Y
1
<>
•^
5
'>,
4
-1
7
5
3
3
3
5
8
9,
3
3
3
7
3
3
18
.5
18
1^3
12
9,
33
Caps
2
2
5
1
2
19
3
22
18
3
2
2
3
6
3
4
6
1
14
3
1
'
s
11
1
6
3
5
1
6
f,
<?
?
7
4
9
2
8
1
O^set Pipes
. .
5
q
Man-hole Pipes
2
2
. .
. .
. .
One-eiglitli Turns
1
• •
1
3
9
1
Pieces of Pipe . .......
1
10
22
3
13
1
13
2
16
16
1
Stopcocks . . .
1
1
1
2
2
2
4
1
16
14
7
Hydrants. 32 New Lowell, 6 Wilmarth (old), 7 Lowell (old).
For Hydrants. 38 bends, 47 lengtheners, 21 frames, 95
covers, 30 plungers, 24 screws, 1 waste, 19 nipples, 28 valve
seats, 36 stuffing boxes, 3 hose couplings, 143 lbs. composi-
tion castings, 3,800 lbs. iron castings, 5 wharf hydrants.
30 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.
For Stopcocks. 2 36-iiich screws, 1 SO-inch ditto, 2 24-inch
ditto, 1 20-inch ditto, 1 16-inch ditto, 11 6-inch ditto, 5 4-inch
ditto, 6 4-inch unfinished ditto, 1 ditto for Waste Weir, 1 ditto
for Brookline Reservoir, 3 12-inch plungers, 4 6-inch ditto,
6 4-inch ditto, 8 6-inch rings, 12 4-inch ditto, 16 frames, 6
covers.
Meters. In the shop, 3 2-inch meters, 51 1-inch ditto, 18
f-inch ditto, 1 1-inch and 1 |-inch ditto condemned.
StocTcfor Meters. 68 1-inch nipples, 8 2-inch ditto, 32 |--inch
ditto, 8 2-inch connection pieces, 14 1-inch ditto, 38 |-inch ditto,
ditto, 2 3-inch meter clocks, 3 2-inch ditto, 17 1-inch ditto, 13
|-inch ditto, 15 1-inch meter cocks, 23 |-inch ditto, 36 1-inch
ditto unfinished, 94 |-inch ditto, 18 sheets strawboard, 15
glasses, 15 brass spindles, 320 rubber nipples, 25 platforms
10 feet leather hose, 900 washers and thimbles, 1 4-inch fish pot,
6 3-inch ditto, 1 2-inch ditto (old).
For Service Pipe. 14 1-inch union cocks, 10 f-inch ditto, 238
■|-inch ditto, 84 |--inch unfinished ditto, 106 J-inch unfinished
ditto, 24 |-inch straight cocks, 36 1-inch T cocks, 15 |-inch
ditto, 27 |-inch ditto, 8 |-inch Y cocks, 11 |-inch flange cocks, 8
1-inch air cocks, 40 l|-inch nipples, 11 2-inch male couplings, 22
li-inch ditto, 26 1-inch ditto, 42 |-inch ditto, 36 |-inch ditto, 22
J-inch ditto, 12 2-inch female couplings, 4 l;^-inch ditto, 152
1-inch ditto, 34 ^-inch ditto, 220 |-inch ditto, 216 ^-inch ditto,
12 I -inch double-headers with flanges and pipes, 4 6-inch flanges,
7 4-inch ditto, 5 2 -inch ditto, 65 f-inch ditto, 200 lbs. composition
castings for straight cocks, 61 lbs. composition castings for
f-inch couplings, 200 ^-inch long boxes (iron), 554 tubes, 16 T
boxes, 28 Y boxes, 7 1-inch flanges, 7 1-inch tubes, 60 extension
tubes.
Lead Pipe. 625 lbs. 2-inch pipe, 711 lbs. U-iuch ditto, 2129
lbs. 1-inch ditto, 1115 lbs. f -inch ditto, 3278 lbs. f-inch ditto, 1211
lbs. ^-inch ditto, 870 lbs. IJ-inch, old pipe 69 lbs. f-inch tin
lined lead pipe, 86 lbs. f-inch block-tin pipe, 725 lbs. sheet
lead, 30 lbs. solder, 9 lbs. block-tin.
EEPORT OF THE WATEE BOARD. 31
Blacksmith Shop. 575 lbs. square iron, 668 lbs. flat ditto,
650 lbs. round ditto, 170 lbs. cast steel, 1500 lbs. working
pieces, 5000 lbs. Cumberland coal.
Carpenter's Shop. 2000 feet spruce boards, 15,000 feet
spruce plank, 250 feet oak plank, 17 hydrant boxes, 7 stopcock
ditto, 34 top pieces, 130 hydrant boxes unfinished, 94 stopcock
boxes unfinished, 18 meter boxes unfinished, 500 lbs. spikes and
nails.
Wharf Hydrants. 5 complete, 6 cocks.
Stable. 3 horses, 3 wagons, 2 buggies, 1 pung, 5 sets har-
ness, 2 sleighs, 1 ton English hay, 300 lbs. salt hay, 30 bushels
grain.
Tools. 1 steam engine, 1 large hoisting crane, 1 boom der-
rick, 4 geared hand ditto, 2 sets of shears, and all the rigging
for the same, tools for laying and repairing main and service
pipes, 2 engine lathes, 1 fox ditto, 1 hand ditto, 1 upright dril-
ling machine, 3 grindstones, and the necessary tools for carry-
ing on the machine, blacksmith, carpenter's and plumber's shops,
1 circular saw, 2 large tool houses, 1 40-inch proving press, 1
36-inch ditto, 1 small ditto, also office furniture, and a large lot
of patterns stored at pipe yard and at the foundries where we
obtain castings.
Beacon Hill Reservoir. 5 swivel pipe patterns, 1 swing stage,
capstan frame and levers, 1 10-inch composition cylinder, 1
6-inch ditto, 1 4-inch ditto, 6 composition jets, 8 cast-iron plates,
3 composition reel jets, 1 drinking fountain.
Miscellaneous. 30 gallons linseed oil, 25 gallons tallow oil,
90 lbs. white lead, 28,000 lbs. hard coal, 48 lbs. leather, 1
freight of gravel, 50 bricks, 858 lbs. gasket, 5 kegs bolts, 375
feet of damaged hose, 300 feet new hose, 1 cord wood, 12
reservoir gate covers, 5 manholes, 6 plates, lot of old iron, lot of
old lumber, lot of old machinery from Marlboro.
Respectfully submitted.
E. R. JONES,
Supt. Eastern Division.
32 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.
Schedule of Property on the Western Division — May 15, 1867.
1 extension table, 6 chairs, 1 cooking range, 1 marble top
wash stand, 1 horse, 1 carriage, 2 sets single harness, 1 express
wagon, 1 cart, 1 cart harness, 1 buffalo robe, 1 pung, 6 wheel-
barrows, 2 spades, 22 shovels, 14 picks, 3 bars, 6 pean ham-
mers, 5 small steel drills, 3 trowels, 2 double blocks, 1 single
do., 1 drain mould, 1 freight truck, 1 stone do., 4 wrenches,
2 stop-plank hooks, 1 iron grapnel, 1 grindstone, 1 sand screen,
1 sand sieve, 1 scythe and snath, 2 hoes, 1 boat and awning, 4
rammers, 2 hammers, 3 water pails, 1 rain gauge, 1 pair steel-
yards, 1 pair hedge shears, 2 pairs ice tongs, 1 small stone
roller, 1 manure fork, 1 map of Boston and its environs, 1
hand saw, 1 iron square, 4 white-wash brushes, 1 axe, 7 barrels
Portland cement.
Rejected as worthless, — 23 shovels, 6 axes, 2 hay rakes, 2
hoes, 3 iron rakes, 2 pairs rvibber boots.
A. STANWOOD,
Supt.W.B.B.W.W.
REPORT OP THE WATER BOARD. 33
WATER REGISTRAR'S REPORT.
Water Registrar's Office,
Boston, May 1, 1867.
John H. Thorndike, Esq., President Cochituate Water Board :
Sir, — I herewith submit the following Report as required by the
ordinance providing for the care and management of the Boston
Water Works, passed Oct. 31, 1850.
The total number of water takers now entered for the year
1867, is 27,754, being an increase since January 1, 1866 of
265.
During the year 1866 there have been 643 cases where the
water has been turned off for non-payment of water-rates. Of
this number 519 have been turned on, leaving a balance of 124
still remaining off.
The total amount of water-rates received from December 31,
1865, to January 1, 1867, is ... . $486,538 25
Of ihe above there was received for
water used in previous years the
sum of $27,165 06
Leaving the receipts for water fur-
nished during the year 1866 the
sum of 459,373 19
In addition to the above there has
been received, for turning on water
in cases where it had been turned
off for non-payment of rates, the
sum of 1,038 00
Total . . . • $487,576 25
Amount carried forward, .... $487,576 25
34 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.
Amount brought fo7'ward, .... |487,576 25
The amount received for water rates
from Jan. 1, 1867, to May 1,
1867, is ..... 405,879 74
Of this amount there was received
for water used in previous years
the sum of 43,205 62
Leaving the receipts for water (as-
sessed for the year 1867,) to May
1, 1867, the sum of . . $362,674 12
The total amount received from
January 1, 1867, to May 1, 1867, for
turning on water in cases where it
had been turned off, for non-payment
of rates is 658 00
$894,113 99
Total receipts from January 1, 1866, to May
1,1867 ........ $894,113 99
The increased amount of income in 1866 over
the previous year, is ..... 36,196 77
The total amount of assessments now made
for the present year, is .... . 382,508 35
The estimated amount of income from the sales
of water during the year 1867, is . . . 500,000 00
The expenditures of my office for the year end-
ing May 1, 1867 have been 14,285 46
The items of this expenditure are as follows :
Paid Wm. F. Davis, Registrar .... 2,200 00
Chas. H. Little, Treasurer's clerk . . 1,600 00
Charles L. Bancroft, clerk . . . 1,163 32
Amount carried forward, . , . . $4,963 32
REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.
35
Amount brought forward, .
• $4,963 32
Paid Stephen Badlam,
u
1,163 32
Edwin Jennings,
(i
1,163 32
Jacob F. Mayo, on meters
966 96
Chas. C. Badlam,
Inspector
480 36
R. D. Child,
u
775 00
C. M. Thompson,
u
775 00
F. W. Fay,
«
775 00
T. L. Kelley,
«
775 00
J. Hayward,
u
775 00
0. A. Ramsdell,
u
775 00
F. C. Hogan,
u
50 00
H. T. Beal,
11
47 50
J. L. Fairbanks, stationery
406 10
J. E. Farwell & Co., printing
7 30
A. Mudge &, Son,
(I
387 28
$14,285 46
36 CITY DOCUMENT.— No. 88.
METERS.
The total number of meters now applied to the premises of
water-takers is 879. Of this number 681 are |-inch, 176 1-inch,
18 2-inch, 3 3-inch, and 1 4-inch size.
They are attached to a variety of establishments, embracing
hotels, raih^oads, manufactories, stables, confectionery, oyster
saloons, and buildings occupied by several tenants.
REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.
37
The following table exhibits the yearly revenue received from
the sale of Cochituate water, since its introduction into the city,
October 25, 1848:
Received by Water Commissioners, as per Audi-
tor's Report, in 1848
From January 1, 1849, to January 1, 1850,
" " 1850, "
" , " 1851,
*' " 1852, '*
" " 1853, «
" « 1854, "
" " 1855, '<
'• « 1856,
« « 1857, <'
" " 1858, "
« 1859,
" " 1860, "
" 1861, «
« 1862, "
^' 1863, ''
1864, «
^•' 1865, "
'' '' 1866, "
" ^' 1867, to May 1, 1867,
3 per Au
Ul-
$972 81
1850,
71,657 79
1851,
99,025 45
1852,
. 161,052 85
1853,
. 179,567 39
1854,
. 196,352 32
1855,
. 217,007 51
1856,
. 266,302 77
1857,
. 282,651 84
1858,
. 289,328 83
1859,
. 302,409 73
1860,
. 314,808 97
1861,
. 334,544 86
1862,
. 365,323 96
1863,
. 373,922 33
1864,
. 394,506 25
1865,
, 430,710 76
1866,
. 450,341 48
1867,
. 486,538 25
7, ,
. 405,879 74
15,622,905 89
38
CITY DOCUMENT.— No.
Statement showing the number of houses, stores, steam
engines, etc., in the City of Boston, supplied with Cochituate
water to the first of January 1867, with the amount of water
rates paid for 1866:
19,642 Dwelling-houses
6 Boarding "
.■ $244,428 90
198 00
69 Model
1,921 62
3 Lodging
5 Hotels
55 00
412 00
4,457 Stores and shops
138 Buildings .
412 Offices
39,867 03
4,530 71
3,239 55
36 Printing offices
20 Banks
524 12
257 50
27 Halls .
1 Theatre . .
311 50
25 00
25 Private schools
235 50
12 Asylums
5 Green-houses
595 00
47 00
64 Churches
688 25
4 Markets
752 00
119 Cellars
759 50
335 Restaurants and sa
loons
4,142 12
5 Club-houses .
99 00
1 Bath-house .
55 00
45 Photographers
12 Packing-houses
1,248 58
315 75
1,020 Stables
7,512 40
18 Factories
529 09
2 Breweries
39 00
Amount carried forward,
$312,789 12
EEPORT OF THE WATER BOARD
Amount brought forward, .
. $312,789 12
6 Bleacheries .
80 00
1 Laundry
25 00
67 Bakeries
557 00
5 Ship-yards .
65 00
3 Dry docks and engines .
84 00
44 Shops " "
2,515 63
32 Stores « «
,
1,625 25
4 Foundries " "
146 30
7 Factories " •'
348 82
3 Printing " '«
181 76
1 Bakery " "
33 00
1 Ship-yard " "
28 00
2 Binderies " «
37 50
2 Buildings " "
100 00
1 Pottery and engine
35 00
1 Laundry " "
36 00
1 Mill « «
132 96
43 Stationary "
1,738 49
4 Armories
39 75
2 Gymnasiums
41 50
527 Hand-hose .
2,990 00
12 Fountains ....
89 00
Gas Light Co. (filling tank) .
27 18
Mill-dam Co. ...
266 75
Custom House
150 00
50 Steam-boats
9,650 14
Office (Harbor Master)
6 00
" (City Scales)
9 00
Old State House .
27 00
Court House
262 50
Probate Building .
47 50
Amount carried forward, ....
$334,165 15
39
40
CITY DOCUMENT. — No.
Amount brought forward,
House of reception
5 Fire-alarm motors
22 Fire-engines, hose and hook and ladder
houses
277 Public Schools
2 City stables
Offal station
Steamer Henry Morrison
House of Correction
Public Library
I'aneuil Hall
Shop (paving department)
Common sewer department (making
mortar) .
Public urinals
Street sprinkling
Deer park .
Boston Common
J. F, Paul (contract pipe)
Building purposes
Contractors for supplying shipping
Metered water ....
1334,165
15
10
00
50
00
553
50
1,882
00
200
75
150
00
192
56
462
00
50
00
40
00
9
00
50
00
145
00
400
00
10
00
50
00
16
70
1,674
63
2,017 16
117,244
74
$459,373 19
REPOKT OF THE WATER BOARD.
41
Statement showing tJienumber and kind of Water Fixtures contained
within the premises of Water-takers in the City of Boston, to
January 1, 1867, as compared with previoiis years.
1864r.
1865.
1866.
REMARKS.
4,831
*
4,797
4,774
Taps. These have no connection with
any drain or sewer.
38,844
40,184
40,496
Sinks.
15,488
16,767
17,204
Wash-hand basins.
5,262
5,475
5,499
Bathing tubs.
6,286
6,752
7,398
Pan water-closets.
7,117
7,317
7,563
Hopper water-closets.
....
181
312
" " " pull.
935
815
239
" " " self-acting.
....
213
226
" . " " waste.
....
498
536
" " " door.
1,644
1,741
1,790
Urinals.
5,535
6,087
6,365
Wash-tubs. These are permanently
attached to the building.
12
737
756
Shower-baths.
12
13
13
Hydraulic rams.
708
715
773
Private hydrants.
278
334
350
Slop-hoppers.
....
28
33
Foot-baths.
86,952
92,154
93,327
Respectfully submitted.
WM. F. DAYIS,
Water Registrar.
42 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.
EEPORT OF THE CITY ENGINEER.
Office of City Engineer,
Boston, May 5, 1867.
John H. Thorndike, Esq., President Cochituate Water Board :
Sir, — In compliance with the ninth section of the ordinance
relating to the department of engineering and surveying, the
following report is respectfully submitted :
EASTERN DIVISION.
The details of the condition of the works in this division will
be found in the Report of the Superintendent.
A table of the average monthly heights of the water in the
Brookline and City Reservoirs above tide marsh level for the past
five years will be found on page 60. It will be noticed that the loss
of head from Brookline to Beacon Hill and to South Boston varies
but little from last year, although the average level was a trifle
lower.
The water was shut off from the Bast Boston Reservoir last
fall for examinations, with a view to discover in what manner to
remedy its leaky condition. Certain experiments were made by
the Superintendent, which, I am informed, tend to show that
there is no leakage below a line ten feet above the bottom. I
think it would be well, before making any expensive alterations^
to make sure, if possible, of the exact cause of the defects, and
with this view I propose still further observations of the amount
of leakage and the localities where the leakage is apparent.
REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD. 43
LAKE COCHITUATE.
With the exception of the Course Brook culvert, the filter
dam at Pegaii Brook, certain portions of the slope-walls, and the
fences in the vicinity of the Superintendent's house, the struc-
tures, etc., at the Lake are in good condition. The high stage
of the water in the Lake during the year has prevented the
re-building of the Course Brook culvert as recommended in
last year's report. When it is rebuilt, the slopes of the road
on either side should be protected with a substantial wall, and
paved gutters made to carry off the surface water which in heavy
rains does so much damage to the road. During the severe
thunder storm in the month of July, when, in the space of a
few hours, over seven inches of rain fell in the vicinity of the
Lake, a small portion of the southerly end of the filter dam was
washed away. The water behind the dam rose so rapidly that
the flume, being partially choked with drift-wood, weeds, grass,
etc., was inadequate to carry off the flood, and it soon overtopped
the dam and worked its way through the light sandy soil on the
southerly end of the dam, and carried away about fifteen feet in
width of the bank and a small portion of the stone work. No
repairs have been made, owing to the high state of the water,
and consequently the dam has been inoperative since then.
Had this dam been located by the late Superintendent where
I advised, and built into the bank in the manner proposed, this
accident, I think, would not have occurred. The object of the
Superintendent in changing the location was to save about
twenty feet in the length of the dam, the expense of which
would have been trifling.
The slope-wall in various places at the Lake, especially where
laid on slopes too steep, has been undermined, and with portions
of the bank slid into the Lake. These portions cannot be
repaired until the water is considerably lower, and when the
44 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.
time comes the slopes should be reduced, and if possible larger
stone used. I would suggest that, instead of using small field
stone which have to be hauled a considerable distance, we
should get out from some of the ledges and large bowlders on
our own premises stone more suitable for such work.
The fences along the road, in the vicinity of the City's house,
are in bad condition ; the posts are nearly all rotten, and have
had to be braced to hold them up. The repairs that have been
made this spring will probably make the fences answer for this
year, but in another year they should be re-built.
January 1, 1866, water at the lake was 8 feet, 11 inches above
the bottom of the conduit; on the 12th of February it had fallen
to 7 feet 3 inches, the lowest point reached during the year ; it
then began to rise, and continued, with slight fluctuations, until
April 30, when it was 12 feet, 3 inches. On May 27 it had fallen
to 11 feet 11 inches, and by the 18th of June had risen again
to 12 feet 10 inches. On the 28th of July it stood at 12 feet,
and continued to fall, with slight fluctuations, until the 15th of
November, to 11 feet, 3^ inches, when it began to gain, and on
the 31st of December was 12 feet and 2 inches.
By reference to the table on page 56, it will be seen that
the average height of the water in the Lake for the year 1866,
was 11 i^'V feet above the bottom of the conduit, being a higher
average than for any year since the Lake was raised in 1859,
except in 1863, when the average was 13 ^%\ feet.
On page 55 will be found a statement of the rain-fall on the
water-shed of the Lake, the amount of water consumed and
wasted, the percentage of rain-fall received into the Lake each
year for a term of thirteen years, and the average per year for
the whole term. It will be seen that only 25 per cent of the
rain-fall of 1866 was received into the Lake, being the smallest
percentage for thirteen years, and the average percentage for
the whole term was forty-seven.
HEPOET OF THE WATER BOARD. 45
CONSUMPTION OF WATER.
The tables on pages 52 and 53 show the daily average number
of gallons of water consumed for each month and year from 1849
to 1868, inclusive. The record for 1866 shows an average
daily consumption of 12,229,000 gallons, being a decrease of
433,000 gallons from the average daily consumption of 1865.
Although a comparison of the amount used daily for the past
year with that of 1861 shows the enormous decrease of 33 per
cent; yet if we take into account the increase of population, in
the mean time, the result is still more gratifying. For instance
in 1861 the population was in round numbers 180,700; the
consumption for that year was 18,189,304 gallons per day, or
100| gallons per day for each inhabitant; in 1866 the popula-
tion is estimated at 200,000, the consumption per day, 12,229,-
000 gallons, and the daily amount per head 61xVb- gallons. So
that the actual decrease since 1861 is 39 per cent, instead of
33 per cent, as above stated.
In my report last year I contended, and I think proved, that
all the present legitimate wants of the city could be abundantly
served with a supply of 8,000,000 gallons per day. I see no
reason to change that statement. The population of Boston is
estimated at 200,000, and for all domestic uses, the records of
the meters in the houses of the members of your Board show
that 25 gallons per inhabitant is an ample supply. At this
rate, the domestic uses of water would require a daily supply of
5,000,000 gallons. The amount consumed by large manufac-
tories, hotels, etc., as measured by meters during the last year,
was about 2,000,000 gallons per day, and if we estimate the
miscellaneous consumption at 1,000,000 gallons per day, we
have a total of 8,000,000 gallons, which is unquestionably a
liberal supply. If an increase in the number of meters, a more
rigid inspection of the premises of water-takers with a view to
detect cases of waste, and a special tax on hopper closets, will
46 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.
reduce our consumption to 8,000,000 gallons per day, let it be
done.
CONDUIT. •
Since the date of the last report, those portions of the conduit
considered in the worst condition have been examined several
times. The section at Ware's Yalley, in Needham, near the
West Pipe Chamber, which has been alluded to in former reports
as in a most dangerous condition, was repaired last summer with
Portland cement, and a recent examination showed it to be in
very fair condition. At the same examination the whole line,
from Charles river to the Brookline timnel, was carefully in-
spected. On the Second Division, between Stations 196 and
197, is a small crack in the top arch, about fifty feet in length;
from Station 21 7 J to 218 J, is a crack in the bottom and top
arches, which needs attention; from 224 to 225, is a double
crack in the top arch; and from 232 J to 234, a very slight one
in the top. The worst place in this division is a portion about
sixty-five feet in length, between Stations 242f and 244J; the
crack at this place is quite a serious one, and should be repaired
at once. A small crack was discovered between Stations 254
and 255 ; and this section is very dirty and needs a thorough
cleaning. Only one more crack was found in this division, and
that was a very slight one, between Stations 263^ to 264. ,
The condition of the conduit below Newton Centre, on the
Third Division, was in better general conditioUj as to cleanliness
and freedom from cracks, than the portion between Charles river
and Newton Centre. A slight crack about thirty feet long was
found in the top arch, between Stations 1 and 2 ; at Station 37^
was found a large fissure in the bottom arch, through which a
large volume of water, and some sand, was flowing into the
aqueduct — this is the same fissure alluded to in my last report,
and was then reported as plugged up; east of Station 51 is a
slight crack and a small fissure in the bottom, bringing in water ;
REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.
47
the old cracks, between Stations 119^ and 124, and between
133^ and 138^, do not show much change — those portions that
were pointed with Portland cement remain very perfect ; from
138^ to the western end of the Brookline tunnel, the conduit is
in excellent condition.
At the time of the examination above referred to, a trial was
made of the magnesium light for illuminating the interior of the
conduit, and, with the exception of certain mechanical defects in
the apparatus, it wqis a decided success, and a vast improvemeat
over the ordinary lights hitherto used.
CHESTNUT HILL RESERYOIR.
. This work has progressed since the date of the last report
quite as satisfictorily as was expected. The first work with-
teams was begun on the 25th of April of last year, the number
at that time being only eight, and the whole number of men
employed about 200. Operations with the teams were com-
menced on the southerly side of the Lawrence meadow in
removing the soil preparatory to building the embankment.
The number of teams was increased before the close of May
last to 20 — that is, 40 horses and carts — by the middle of
August to 30, and the number now employed is 50.
The following statement shows the average daily number of
men employed in this work in each month, commencing with
April 1866:
' April
182
1 8fifi 5 NovGDiber
\ December
319
May
327
270
June
385
["January
257
866 <( July .
400
February
240
August .
424
1867 <; March .
222
September
396
April
373
^ October
386 ■
I May .
406
Besides the horses and carts, which, with the drivers, are
ftirnished by contract, the city has now in use fourteen yoke of
cattle of its own, employed in hauling stone, removing stumps and
48 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.
such kinds of work as they are better adapted for than horses.
The bank on the Lawrence meadow was begun May lf)th, 1866,
and since that time there has been 5,463 feet in length built in
that section, or all but about 600 feet, and in the lower section
about 1,200 feet, making 6,663 feet in all. Of this there has
been 3,622 feet covered with a substantial protection wall of
stone, 1,649 of which was laid by the day and 1,973 by contract.
The whole number of square yards of slope-wall now laid is
7,074. The work on the wall was begun May 24th, 1866, and
stopped on the 6th of November. On the 22d of April, 1867, it
was resumed, and is now rapidly progressing.
About one-half (2,100 feet) of the new location of Beacon
Street has been graded and made ready for travel, and it is
expected that the remainder will be completed and opened to
public travel in a few weeks.
Considerable progress has been made in preparing the foun-
dations for the main embankment or dam on the easterly end of
the Reservoir across the mouth of the basin. A trench has been
opened in the natural soil under the centre of the bank, about
1,500 feet in length, and of an average width and depth of ten
feet ; for a distance of 750 feet the bottom of this trench is solid
rock, and the indications are that we shall find the same bottom
entirely across the meadow. As this embankment is to be the
dam to retain the water, the utmost care will be taken in its
construction, both as to the material used and the manner of
compacting it, in order that it shall be a water-tight structure.
The work during the winter months, from the middle of
November to the middle of April was confined chiefly to the
removal of the muck from the Lawrence Meadow, work on the
ledges, and the construction of a retaining wall on the southerly
side of the driveway on the north side of the lower section of
the Reservoir. This is a very substantial structure, varying in
height from seven to twenty feet, and is about 410 feet in length.
This wall is not yet completed, and work thereon has been
EEPORT OF THE WATER BOAED. 49
suspended, the workmen being now employed in laying the
slope-wall. As this work can be done in the winter, when the
work on the slope-walls must cease, it is not proposed to
complete it until another winter.
In June last it was found necessary to procure an engine
and pump to keep the trench free of water near the proposed
location of the effluent gate-house while removing the sand
The pump commenced working on the 5th of July, and was
kept in operation most of the time until August 27th, when an
accident occurred which brought its operations to an abrupt
termination. The engineer who had charge of the engine and
pump had gone to dinner, and had not been absent more than
fifteen minutes, when the boiler exploded, tearing the crown-
plate, directly over the fire almost off, and sending the engine
and boiler some fifty feet into the air, and about one hundred
and fifty feet horizontally. Fortunately no one was injured,
although one of the foremen on the work and a laborer had
just left the side of the boiler, not liking a peculiar hissjng
sound, and were not more than fifty feet from it when the explo-
sion occurred.
Upon the return of the engineer, he was closely questioned
as to the condition of the boiler when he left, the state of the
water, and the condition of the fire. His statements at this
time and at a subsequent investigation were such that, if true,
an explosion would have been impossible. He insisted that the
height of the water in the boiler was tested immediately before
leaving for dinner, and was found to be so high that it would
discharge mixed with steam from the upper cock, and run freely
from the lower one; that the pressure-gauge indicated only
thirty lbs. per square inch' and that the fire was low; and fur-
thermore that, as an additional precaution he left the door of
the fire-box open. The boiler was examined by Messrs,
McLauthlin and Dutemple, experienced mechanics of this city,
and by the Superintendent, Resident Engineer, and myself, and we
7
50 CITY DOCUMENT.— No. 88.
all agreed that the explosion was caused by the low state of the
water in the boiler, and that the accident was due entirely to
the carelessness of the engineer, who was promptly discharged.
A new engine was procured with all possible despatch, but it was
thought advisable to locate it at a pit' in the Lawrence meadow,
which had been sunk about nine feet below the level of the meadow,
and into which the water in the soil of the meadow was led by
a system of open ditches. By this means the soil and muck of
the meadow became drained and in a fit condition to be removed
during the winter. This pump was found to be inadequate, and
a larger one substituted which is now in operation at the same
place. It is intended to remove a portion of the present
aqueduct at and near the site of the proposed intermediate gate-
house, for the purpose of building said gate-house and making
the embankment, which, at this place divides the reservoir into
two sections, water-tight ; when this is done, a twenty-inch pipe
will be laid at such a level as to drain the Lawrence meadow
without the aid of the pump, and the engine and pump will be
replaced at the point where the explosion occurred.
On the 10th of February occurred the greatest freshet known
in this vicinity for years, and it furnished an excellent opportu-
nity to determine the maximum run of surface water through
the meadows, and which must be provided for with artificial
canals or brick drains when the reservoir is completed. It was
found that the four feet stone culvert built by Mr. Knowlton, in
the fall of 1865, was inadequate in size, the water backing up
four feet from the top on the upper side. This culvert will be
replaced by a brick drain 233 feet in length, and 6 feet 4 inches
high, by 6 feet wide in the clear. This will connect with
another 5 feet high by 4 feet 8 inches wide, and 532 feet in
length ; then it is reduced again to 4 feet 4 inches high by 4
feet wide, of which dimensions there will be 1,926 lineal feet.
This reduction in size continues at intervals as follows: 1,697
feet of 3 feet 8 inches by 3 feet 4 inches; 1,561 feet of 3 feet 4
REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.
51
inches by 3 feet, and 1,790 feet of circular drain of an internal
diameter of 2 feet and 6 inches; making a total length of all
sizes of 7,739 feet. Work on this drain will be commenced at
once and finished this season.
The work is now progressing well, and by the date of another
annual report will be far advanced towards completion.
The expenses of my department in connection with this work
during the year ending April 30, have been as follows, viz :
Salary of Henry M. Wightman, Resident Engineer
" " S. C. Horn, Assistant Engineer
" " W. P. Learned, rodman
« " D. C. Sanger
" " Jeremiah Sullivan, axeman .
Incidental expenses
$1,895 52
810 50
328 50
51 00
506 31
70 51
$3,662 34
The above amount was paid from the appropriation for
Chestnut Hill Reservoir.
52
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.
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54
CITY DOCUMENT. — No.
Conduit.
The following tabic shows the different heights at which the
water has been running, and the number of days in each month
at the different heights.
The height of the conduit is six feet four inches.
HEIGHTS IN FEET AKD INCHES.
1866.
0.0
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.4
5.6 6.0
6.2
6.4
NUMBER OF DAYS EST EACiS MONTH.
January . . .
February . . .
March ....
April. . . .
1
1
1
2
9
21
6
3
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6
3
3
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4
3
7
2
3
41
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1
September . .
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15
6
6
November . .
December . .
Total
5
40
6
3
2
1
EEPOKT OF THE WATER BOARD.
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C3
EEPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.
57
Monthly Fall of Bain in Indies, in 1866.
PLACES AND
OBSERVERS
MONTH.
"S
-2*.
ll
=3
a
1-5
S3
^ .
§1
g
it
•i
o
r3
a
— -a
■32
Hi
b
a
O
1
t
1 o*
S
s
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1.44
5.80
3.92
1.94
6.46
4.80
13.35
8.98
8.36
3.43
4.52
4.32.
3.73
5.28
4.70
2.03
5.04
3.41
5.42
3.87
5.90
2.72
3.74
4.86
1.66
4.68
3.50
2.56
4.22
2.64
4.54
3.52
3.92
1.62
2.32
3.00
1.92
4.70
3.61
2.85
4.48
2.66
5.56
3.68
3.81
1.64
2.71
3.74
1.20
4.78
3.50
1.36
5.50
3.49
5.70
3.42
6.86
1.94
2.60
3.11
2.35
5.64
4.29
2.02
5.29
4.42
2.03
3.54
5.75
2.78
3.97
3.96
Totals
62.32
50.70
38.18
41.36
43.46
46.04
Note, — Melted sno^v
is, as us
ual
,inc
uded in t
he above
amounts
of r
ain
-fall.
* Rain-gauge at the Lake kept by E. F. Knowlton until March ; since then by Richard
Carroll, under the direction of the Chairman of the Western Division.
58
CITY DOCUMENT.— No.
Table sJiowing the days in 1866 upon which rain fell, and the
amount in inches and hundredths, compiled from observations
made by W. H. Bradley, Superintendent of Sewers.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept. 1 Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1.
2.
3,
4.
5.
.64
.69
44
.08
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
.08
.61
.21
.27
.89
.36
.65
3.73
5.28
:.70
;.87
2.72
3.74
REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.
59
Annual Amount of Rain-Fall, in Inches, at Lake CocJiituate,
Boston and vicinity, 1849 to 1866, inclusive.
PLACES AND OBSERVERS.
1849.
1850.
1851.
1852.
1853.
1854.
1855.
1856.
1857,
1858.
1859.
1860.
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
1865.
1866.
^1
* 45.93
* 55.86
48.15
34.96
40.80
63.10
48.66
49.02
55.44
46.44
49.69
69.80
42.60
49.46
62.32
«
40.30
58.98
44.81
47.94
48.86
45.71
44.19
52.16
56.87
52.67
56.70
51.46
50.07
61.06
6-7.72
49.30
47.83
D-d
i °»
o
40.97
54.07
41.97
40.51
58.83
45.17
47.59
63.79
57.92
45.46
46.95
50.14
57.21
56.42
43.59
•?»
40.74
62.18
41.00
42.24
45.04
41.29
40.63
42.38
44.04
37.40
48.49
53.66
36.56
35.84
43.46
.go
1^
1-1
51.09
45.68
41.00
42.78
43.92
42.08
44.89
42.49
49.38
37.73
47.51
46.91
43.32
44.26
52.37
38.11
37.38
38.18
0.2
— . 'o
.a •
§«
>> -
■^ o
48.41
45.97
52.02
35.80
48.41
46.67
42.95
44.61
57.81
40.64
38 82
41.36
Pi
84.69
61.48
43.30
38.58
58.27
46.25
89.05
40.97
44.74
44.51
45.29
38.24
44.25
50.09*
54.17
86.83
44.69
46.04
* By J. Vannevar.
60
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.
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=71
PUBLIC LIBRARY
OP THE
CITY OF BOSTON
ABBREVIATED RECULATJONS.
One volume can be taken at a time from the
Lower Hall, and one from the Bates Hall.
Books can be kept out li days.
A line of 2 cents for each volume will be
incurred for each day a book is detained more
than 14: days.
Any book detained more than a week be-
yond the time limited, will be sent for at the
expense of the delinquent.
No book is to be lemj out of the household
of the borrower.
The Library hours for the delivery and re-
turn of books are from 10 o'clock, A. M., to
8 o'clock, P. M., in the Lower Hall ; and from
10 o'clock, A. M., until one half hour before
sunset in the Bates Hall.
Every book must, under penalty of one dol-
lar, be returned to the Library at such time
in August as shall be publicly announced.
The card must be presented whenever a
book is returned. For renewing a book the
card must be presented, together with the
book, or with the shelf-numbers of the book;
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